Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 after abolishing Ottoman Sultanate in Anatolia by a Turkish nationalist leader Mustafa Kamal Pasha who was given the title of Ataturk (father of the nation) after his nationalist revolution in Anatolia.​ After Ataturk was elected as the first president of modern Turkey in 1923, he introduced several series of reforms with the passage of time. Caliphate was abolished in March 3rd of the following year. All religious schools were closed and Shariah was abolished. The constitution was adopted in April 20. Veiling of the women was discouraged and Western clothing for men and women was encouraged. They adopted Western (Greogrian) calender instead of Islamic calendar. New Turkish alphabet (modified latin form) was adopted. State was declared as secular. Islam as official religion of the country, was deleted. Islamic calls to worships and readings were converted in Turkish rather than Arabic (later in 1933). Women were given the right to hold offices. The law of surnames was adopted.